Friday, February 4, 2011

Babies Process Words Like Grown-Ups



According to a study by Katherine E. Travis at the University of California, San Diego, babies actually process words using the same brain structures as adults, and they comprehend the meanings of many of the words they hear, or comprehend them as more than mere simple sounds. Using MEG (magnetoencephalography, a scan measuring magnetic fields emitted by neurons in the brain) and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), Travis and others non-invasively studied brain activity in infants ranging from 12 to 18 months, and they discovered that the brain mechanisms adults use to access meanings of words- what they call a continually updated “mental database” of meanings- are the same ones that babies use.

Previously, scientists assumed that babies process words with an entirely separate learning mechanism, and that learning begins in a certain way early on and later evolves into the “adult way.” Despite lesions in Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas are known to be linked to language skills loss in adults, not much had been known or researched on such impact in childhood.

For some reason, this does not seem too surprising- that the same mechanisms are used in both early childhood and in adulthood, but that obviously the mechanism is developed and updated through time. It doesn’t seem particularly parsimonious for there to be an altogether different mechanism. Regardless, I think this research could help in predicting or diagnosing autism or language disabilities, as well as in opening doors for more discoveries with language.


2 comments:

  1. As you stated above, these results are both interesting and not too surprising in what they say about human speech processing in babies and in adults. This idea that all ages have the same mechanisms for learning speech is one which I read about recently when doing research for another class regarding the development of stuttering in early childhood and adulthood. The predominant research in this area has shown the same results-- notably that all people are born with the same mechanisms for speech and that the rate of learning moves at different rates depending on the individual.

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  2. I definitely agree that similar research could eventually lead to a mechanistic explanation for language disabilities in children. It would be interesting to see how lesions to the main speech centers of the brain, especially the Broca's and Wernicke's areas, affect speech development in young children. Neuroplasticity is higher during the critical period for language acquisition. Would damage to these areas inhibit language acquisition in children or would children develop normal speech but instead rely on a separate neural pathway?

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